Write a Science Times style report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Write a Science Times style report - Essay Example The way that we are affected in frightening situation can be fatal at times. Scientific inventions in the 20th century have made it possible that these effects will not haunt us for long. The scientists have used the available resources to determine how fear can be managed and its impacts reduced or eliminated. This has been made possible through two options: medication or conditioning. The question is how long can the fear be extinguished? How efficient and effective is the method of extinguishing? What are the side effects that are associated with implementation of such practices? Is there possibility that fear will return? How can the fear that has returned be managed? In the year 2009, scientists Monfils et al. (2009) conducted a research using rats to help prevent a return of fear. The research aim was to determine a given window to which a return of fear could be prevented through post- retrieval extinction. Post- retrieval extinction is whereby additional activities are put in place after the removal of fear so as to see that it doesn’t come back. The research entailed the rats being fear induced, then exposed to retrieval trail. The duration between the induction and retrieval was 24 hours. After a period of 6 to 10 minutes, the rats were taken to training to see them forget the fear. One month after reconsolidation showed that there was no un- induced recovery of fear. The control experiment group, however, recovered the fear memory. This research therefore showed that fear reconsolidation was necessary to see the fear memory permanently removed. How does this apply to humans? A study by Schiller et al. (2010) was conducted in the year 2010, to determine if the results found among the rats could be used in humans. This research therefore used humans as the specimen instead of rats yet testing the same mechanism. Fear was induced in humans that were grouped in pairs using coloring. The

Undertake a Project Essay Example for Free

Undertake a Project Essay Q1. A project is a defined set of planned and managed activities carried out for a period of time, which has a defined start and end time. (State of New South Wales, Dep of Education and Training 2013, Topic 1, p.1) E.g. the erection of bus stop shelters on all bus stops in the suburb of Wellwish. The features of a project include: * Having a defined beginning and end date. (The project will run for approximately 7 months) * It has unique purpose with specific objectives that meet the client’s goals and requirements within specified quality and performance criteria. (The bus shelters will provide protection from the sun and rain in summer and rainy for bus commuters in the suburb). * Uses resources, such as money, time, people and equipment that have been allocated to the project. (This project will be go source of income to the local community as they will be employed to undertake most of the work) * Usually follows a planned and structured approach to meet their objectives. (The will be road and foot path closures in the areas where the construction of the bus shelter will be, but there will be notices in advance of which roads will be affected. This will minimise any unforseen accident from the members of the Wellwish suburb). * Have a primary sponsor or stakeholders who provide directions and funding. (Apart from the local council being the main sponsor of this project, the local community will be given up-to-date information on the progress of this project and any disruptions which might occur in the process). Q2 1.Planning Originates Controlling: In planning process, the objectives or targets are to be set, and to achieve those goals, control process is required. So we can say that Planning precedes control. 2. Control sustains planning: Controlling directs the course of planning. Controlling spots the areas where planning is required. 3. Controlling provides information for planning: In controlling, the performance is compared with standards and deviations, if any, are to be recorded. The information collected during any type of control, is used for planning also. 4. Planning and control are inter-related: Planning is the initial step of a project and controlling is in the process and required at every step. For the same both are dependent upon each other and inter-related. 5. Both are forward looking: Planning is always for the future and control is forward looking. No one has the control on past, it is only the future, which can be controlled. There are tools which will be using in the smooth operation of the project of erection of bus shelters in the suburb of Wellwish. In this project I have decided to use three tools which will assist us in the planning and controlling of activities throughout the duration the project, they are the work breakdown schedule (WBS), the Gantt chart and the critical path method. THE WORK BREAKDOWN SCHEDULE (WBS): This tool will help us high light the goals of the project, its objectives, its tasks and sub-tasks and all the work activities which will be undertaken during the construction the bus shelters in the suburb (State of New South Wales, Dep of Education and Training 2013, Topic 2, p.12). THE GANTT CHARTS: This is the most used chart in most projects undertaken. They will be used to demonstrate various forms of project schedule information during the construction of the bus shelters. This chart will help us to see if the anticipated start and finish dates for the activities called for in a plan are on schedule. (Cole,2013, pp.505).They will be represented in a series of horizontal bars or lines in a given month/months. CRITICAL PATH METHODS This tool will be used to analyse the duration of the project by calculating the longest path within the project i.e which task will take the shortest period and longest period to complete. This will help us to focus and manage closely the task which might take long to complete (State of New South Wales, Dep of Education and Training 2013, Topic 2, p.14). Q3 Initiation A solid project initiation will not only set your project up for success but it will also lay the groundwork for all future stages. During initiation, I will get the project team members assigned, brief them on the overall project goals and ask the client or project owner as many questions as possible so you can plan the project efficiently. This is also a great time to build team enthusiasm about the project and collect any last minute details that might influence project planning. (Stricker, 2013) Planning Once I have initiated the project and gathered all relevant information, I will then begin planning the project. Katie Stricker (2013) explains that the planning stage will depends on the size of the project, how much information i have to organize and how large your team is. The end result of planning should be a clear project plan or schedule, from which everyone will follow their assigned tasks. Using a project-planning program such as Microsoft Project or Basecamp will be extremely helpful when planning a project. I will be using Excel and Word to create my plan and communicate it to the team will be the most effective way. Execution This is stage in which the team can begin executing the project against their assigned tasks (Stricker, 2013). This is the stage where everyone actually starts doing the work. I will officially kick-off the execution stage with in-person meetings to ensure everyone has what they need to begin executing their part of the project. Getting the team started on the right track is essential to project’s success, so a well-articulated schedule and communications plan will made clearly to all the team members. Monitor and Control While the project is in the execution stage, i will begin monitoring and controlling it to ensure its proceeding along as planned. There are a variety of ways I will be monitoring and controlling the project. Casual check-ins with team leaders, organized daily stand-ups† or more formal weekly status meetings are effective. The information that comes out of these meetings or communication channels will inform the feedback loop and ultimately any re-planning and adjustments that will be necessary to the project (Stricker, 2013). Project Close Once all the details and tasks of the project are complete and approved by the council of Wellwish, then I will finally close the project. The closing of a project is just as important as its initiation, planning and execution. I will be documenting all the information from the project and organize it neatly so if there will be need to go back to it, the information will be readily available. This will be also a good time to hold a review on the project so all team members can reflect on what went right, or wrong during the project. This should also be documented so the outcome can be shared with other project members and filed in a project history fold (Stricker, 2013). KEY ES| | EF| S| | | LS| | LF| PART 2 Activities of the critical path. 1| B| 6| 5| $45| | 6| 5| 11| 6| D| 10| 5| $52| | 11| 4| 13| 10| F| 14| 4| $56| | 14| 4| 18| 18| H| 20| 0| $30| | 18| 2| 20| 0| A| 1| 5| $20| | 5| 1| 6| 3| E| 5| 8| $40| | 11| 2| 13| 10| G| 13| 3| $36| | 13| 3| 16| 1| C| 3| 8 | $30| | 9 | 2| 11| 16| I| 20| 0| $60| | 16| 4| 20| (S=LF-EF or S= LS-ES) Cost ($000’s) b) The duration of the critical path was 6 months Activity| 1m| 2ms| 3ms| 4ms| 5ms| 6ms| 7ms| 8ms| 9ms| 10ms| 11ms| 12ms| 13ms| 14ms| 15ms| 16ms| 17ms| 18ms| 19ms| 20ms| A| $20| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | B| | $45| $45| $45| $45| $45| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | C| | $30| $30| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | D| | | | | | | $52| $52| $52| $52| | | | | | | | | | | E| | | | $40| $40| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | F| | | | | | | | | | | $56| $56| $56| $56| | | | | | | G| | | | | | | | | | | $36| $36| $36| | | | | | | | H| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $30| $30| | | | | I| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $60| $60| $60| $60| Cost ($000’s) REFERENCE LIST: Stricker, Katie 2013, The five stages of a project, Viewed 09/09/13, http://www.management.about.com/od/projectmanagement/a/Five-Stages-of-a-Project.htm Cole,K 2013, Management: theory and practice, 5th edn Pearson Australia, NSW State of New South Wales, Department of Education and Training, 2013, Define project, TAFE NSW, Sydney, NSW State of New South Wales, Department of Education and Training, 2013, Develop project plans, TAFE NSW, Sydney, NSW

Olympia, Greece :: Geography Geographic History Essays

Olympia, Greece ?Here in the States, if we find a penny from 1964, we think that we have found something extremely old, and will probably save the penny with audacious hopes of its worth skyrocketing in the distant future.? Contrary to our Americanized minds, 1964 is not old. . .at all.? However, the site of the first Olympic games, dating back to 776 BC, is extremely old.? ?Olympia is in the southern half of Greece, near the western coast towards the Mediterranean Sea near the Alpheus (now Alfi��span>) River (Columbia).? It has become a hot spot for tourism because of its historical significance and its shear beauty.? Olympia is about a five hour bus ride from capital city Athens. Home of the first Olympic games Olympia, as we will soon see, is one of the most popular destinations for tourists in Greece.? New tourists flood the home of the first Olympic games by land and by sea, coming in on buses and on cruise ships that dock at the nearby port of Katakolo.? The town is filled with tourist shops, cafes, restaurants, and a Historical Museum of the Olympic games.? Olympia is definitely most noted for its being the host of the first Olympic games in 776 BC.? This event put Olympia on the map and it became internationally renowned as the site of the first Olympic games.? The Olympic games where ceased in 393 AD after an edict issued by Theodosius the Great, but were revived for the first time, after fifteen centuries, in 1896 in the all-marble Stadium of Athens.? The festival was open to only Greek born men but later Romans were allowed to compete most likely because they were running the country by then.? Slaves and women were not even allowed to be spectators and women caught sneaking in were apparently thrown off a cliff!? The events included foot races, wrestling, discus, javelin, long-jump, horse and chariot racing, and a type of boxing called pancratium. Also unlike the Olympics of today, There were not only atheletic events but also writing, poetry and history readings, plus business transactions and treaties were made between leaders of city-states (Vaughan). The very first and only competition of the first Olympic games was a 200 meter race, won by a man named Coroebus, thus becoming the first Olympic champion.? The Greeks decided to hold the race at Olympia every four years.

Descriptive Language and The Lady of Shallot Essay -- The Lady of Shall

Descriptive Language and The Lady of Shallot In any piece of lyrical poetry, authors must masterfully use the language of the poem to covey the intended meaning. In order to ensure the meaning is not lost, it is imperative that the author incorporates various aspects of the narrative to escalate the poem past its face value. Alfred Tennyson’s poem â€Å"The Lady of Shallot† is no exception to the rule. From lines like â€Å"blue unclouded weather† and â€Å"the gemmy bridle glitter’d free†, one can draw that descriptive language is Tennyson’s tool to revealing the underlying meaning (Griffith 334). In each of the four parts of â€Å"The Lady of Shallot†, Tennyson uses descriptive language to convey his intended meaning to the audience. Tennyson uses Part I to show the setting of the poem, and introduces the Lady of Shallot to the audience. Part I starts off with a description of â€Å"Long fields of barley and†¦rye that clothe the wold (hilly, open country)† (Griffith 332). From this line in the opening stanza, the reader already gets a sense of where the poem takes place, a gently rolling countryside of utmost beauty. In the second stanza, lines like â€Å"Willows whiten, aspens quiver, little breezes dusk and shiver† further our mental picture of the setting (Griffith 332). Later in the stanza, we learn of â€Å"four gray walls, and four gray towers† and that â€Å"the silent isle imbowers the Lady of Shallot† (Griffith 332). Tennyson’s description in the last couple of lines of this stanza introduces the Lady of Shallot and gives a feeling of her isolation (which is quite important toward the poem’s meaning, and will be built on later in the piece). The final stanza in Part I tells how early morning workers â€Å"hear a song that echoes cheerly ... ...tiful and powerful. As soon as the Lady of Shallot decides to leave the tower, she knows her fate. And after she dies, the people of Camelot finally learn of the â€Å"fairy Lady of Shallot† (Griffith 332). Tennyson’s descriptive language in â€Å"The Lady of Shallot† is beautiful, and drastically enhances the meaning of the poem. The description of everything in the outside world is so vivid that it brings the Lady of Shallot to loose everything she has ever known. She is willing to give up her life to experience the brilliant things seen in her mirror†¦even if it is only for a few moments. Without Tennyson’s eloquent descriptiveness, â€Å"The Lady of Shallot† is much more than mere words. Bibliography: Work Cited Griffith, Kelley. â€Å"The Lady of Shallot† Narrative Fiction. Ed. Ted Buchholz. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. 1994. 332-336.

Oedipus Rex Life and Justice Essay

Everyone has a moment toward the end of their life where they can finally reflect back on their life as a whole, but that moment is not the most important. Throughout everyone’s life, we are all constantly searching for one common thing; Justice. In terms of justice, I’m referring to the search of finding out who you really are and what is your purpose. Oedipus Rex had a turn in his life which forced him to search for justice and find out who he really was. Oedipus Rex was a simple, yet noble man who had became a king. It wasn’t until years later that he would begin his search for justice that would ultimately change his life. Throughout the story, Oedipus searches for a murderer of a past king, but as the story unfolds, he starts to question himself. He begins to wonder who he really is due to lack of information about his very own life. Oedipus’s search for justice brings him an understanding of completeness and shame. Justice in Oedipus’s eyes means that he can understand where he came from and realize the truth. All of Oedipus’s life has been one big cover-up of his true identity. Oedipus’s life was cursed, starting out when he was just a little boy. As a man, Oedipus gains more knowledge and power and is able to uncover the deep and dark truth. In Oedipus’s search for justice, he learns who his true parents are, where he was born and what happened to him from being a boy to becoming a king. I could actually say that Oedipus’s search was successful, although it was horrific. During Oedipus’s life, he tried to live a life dedicated to his family and his people. He stood by his fellow Thebans and tried to always listen and do what’s in the best interest for them. However, living a life trying to do what’s right is never easy when you are destined to commit heinous crimes. Oedipus finds out during his search that he is the killer in which he is in search of. After learning of this news, Oedipus finally starts to see the big picture and learn about his identity as a whole. Oedipus learns that he was also the son of the king who he murdered, but couldn’t realize it due to being sent away as a little boy and left for dead. The news gets worse when he digs deeper and sees that he has in result married his mother and fathered children with her. Oedipus learns of these new discoveries and can realize the truth which he has been sheltered from his whole life. Sometimes the truth can be too much to bear, and justice comes with a price. Oedipus felt ashamed and horrible about just now finding out his true identity and how his actions now are unmoral. Oedipus blinded himself and believed that his actions and crimes couldn’t have been justified any other way. His actions were a symbol of how he has been blind all his life, yet he had eyes; but now he is literally blind and can see the truth clearer than ever. Life is a search for Justice has been perfectly shown in Oedipus Rex. Oedipus was just an example of how many people can go their entire life without ever knowing the truth about their identity and living a big lie. Oedipus needed the help of many Thebans to accomplish his goal. I believe that everyone in life needs that connection between other people to figure out their past. No one can learn about themselves without the knowledge of older people who have been around to see you develop. In reference to Oedipus, he pulled together with a group of people and conducted his search for justice. Even though his search brought him tragic news and a complete change to his life, he now knows the truth about himself and his past.

Human Resource Manual of Atlas Honda Ltd, Pakistan Essay Example

Human Resource Manual of Atlas Honda Ltd, Pakistan Essay Example Human Resource Manual of Atlas Honda Ltd, Pakistan Paper Human Resource Manual of Atlas Honda Ltd, Pakistan Paper Atlas Honda Limited Karachi Plant F-36 Estate Avenue, S. I. T. E, Karachi Tel : (021) 2575561-5 UAN: 111-111-245 Fax : (021) 2563758 Sheikhupura Plant 26-27 Km, Lahore Sheikhupura Road, Sheikhupura,Lahore Tel : (0563) 406501-5 UAN: (0563) 111-111-245 Fax : (0563) 406009 INTRODUCTION Atlas Honda Limited (AHL) is a constituent member of Atlas Group. AHL has its registered office at 1-Mcleod Road, Lahore. AHL has two plants at Karachi and Sheikhupura. AHL is engaged in manufacturing of 4 stroke Honda Motorcycles in Pakistan. Currently AHL produces Honda CD70, CD100, CG125 and CG125 Deluxe at Karachi and Sheikhupura plants. AHL has annual production capacity of 500,000/= motorcycles per annum. FUNCTIONS Engineering Projects Finance Human Resource Administration Information Technology Marketing Production Quality Assurance Research Development Supply Chain MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE MEMBERS Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Saquib H. Shirazi Nurul Hoda O. Ishikawa Raffat Iqbal Suhail Ahmed M. Amir Awan Khalid Aziz M. Mushtaq Alam Sultan Ahmed Jawaid Iqbal Afghani Amir Ali Bawa T. Kitamura President/Chief Executive Vice President Vice President Technical General Manager Human Resource Administration General Manager Finance General Manager Engineering Projects General Manager Plants General Manager Information Technology General Manager Quality Assurance General Manager Marketing General Manager Commercial Planning General Manager Research Development VISION Market leader in the motorcycle industry, emerging as a globally competitive centre of production and exports. MISSION A dynamic, profitable and growth oriented company through market leadership, maximizing export and excellence in quality and service; to ensure attractive returns to equity holders; reward employees according to their ability and performance; to foster a network of researchers and engineers ensuing unique contributions to the development of the industry; customer satisfaction and protection of the environment by producing emission friendly green products and to remain a good corporate citizen fulfilling its social responsibilities in all respects. STRATEGIC GOALS Customers Our customers are the reason and the source of our business. It is our joint aim with our dealers to ensure that our customers enjoy the highest level of satisfaction from use of Honda Motorcycles. Quality To ensure that our products and services meet the set standards of excellence. Local Manufacturing To be the industry leader in indigenization of motorcycle parts. Technology To develop and maintain distinct business advantages through continuous induction of improved hard and soft technologies. Shareholders To ensure health and viability of business and thus safeguarding shareholders interest by maximizing profit. Payment of regular satisfactory dividends and adding value to the shares. Employees To enhance and continuously up-date each member’s capabilities and education and to provide an environment which encourages practical expression of the individual potential in goal directed team efforts and compensate them attractively according to their abilities and performance. Corporate Citizen To comply with all government laws and regulations, to maintain a high standard of ethics in all operations and to act as a responsible member of the community. CODE OF ETHICS Atlas Honda Limited (AHL) conducts its operations with honesty, integrity and openness, and with respect for human rights and interests of the employees. It respects the legitimate interests of all those with whom it has relationships. AHL is committed to comply with the laws and regulations of Pakistan. AHL is committed to create the working environment where there is mutual trust and respect and where everyone feels responsible for the performance and reputation of the company. AHL is equal opportunity employer which recruits, employs and promotes employees on the sole basis of the qualifications and abilities needed for the work to be performed. AHL is committed to safe and healthy working conditions for all employees. We will not use any form of forced, compulsory or child labor. AHL is committed to provide branded products and services, which consistently offer value in terms of price and quality. Products and services will be accurately and properly labeled, advertised and communicated. AHL conducts its operations in accordance with principles of good corporate governance. It provides timely, regular and reliable information of its activities, structure, financial situation and performance to all the shareholders. AHL is committed to establish mutually beneficial relations with its suppliers, customers and business partners. AHL strives to be a trusted corporate citizen and, as an integral part of society, fulfills its responsibilities to the societies and communities in which it operates. AHL is committed to make continuous improvements In the management of environmental impact. It works in partnership with others to promote environmental care, increase understanding of environmental issues and disseminate good practice. AHL make innovations to meet consumer needs. It respects the concerns of consumers and of society. It works on the basis of sound research, applying high quality standards. AHL believes in fair competition and supports development of appropriate competition laws. AHL and employees conduct their operations in accordance with the principles of fair competition and all applicable regulations. Compliance with business principles is an essential element. The Board of Directors of AHL is responsible for ensuring that these principles are communicated to, and understood and observed by, all employees. Assurance of compliance is given and monitored each year. Compliance with the Code is subject to review by the Board supported by Audit Committee of the Board. The Board of AHL expects employees to bring to their attention, or to that of senior management, any breach or suspected breach of these principles. HR PHILOSOPHY The AHL Human Resource Philosophy is based on the conviction that the well being of the company and the well being of its people are one and the same. The company is dedicated to the belief that its most valued asset is its people. Our commitment is to employ on the basis of Merit, Intellect, Integrity and Character to ensure that every employee is treated with dignity and respect and in a fair consistent and equitable manner; to create a stimulating and supportive atmosphere in which they may work; and to aid and encourage them in the realization of their full potential. We recognize that the success of this philosophy depends in the large measure on the manner in which employee’s at every level carry out their obligations to each other and to the Company. Our philosophy will not work if employees do not have a feeling of mutual confidence and loyalty, as well as respect of each other as human being. In the same context of obligations and mutual trust and confidence, all employees are expected to maintain certain standard in relation to their work, and in representing themselves as employees of AHL. Employees of AHL must be committed to the following principles: Accept total responsibility for the success of the Company’s HR philosophy, policies and programs. Have through knowledge of the Company’s HR philosophy and programs, and review them with subordinates to ensure their total understanding. Ensure consistent and fair interpretation of personnel policies. Exercise leadership by demonstrating integrity, professional knowledge, the courage of their convictions, and concern for the feeling of others. Establish a relationship with subordinates that encourage a free flow of information in both directions, permit open discussion of differing views and allow decision making at the most appropriate level. Accept and support decisions made contrary to their expressed positions. Apply the highest standards of ethics, integrity and honesty. Comply with Company policies and procedures. HR MISSION To inculcate organizational culture which supports optimum performance. Encourage the employees to analyze and evaluate his/her own performance in a realistic manner. Be friendly and supportive to the employees of the company and make them feel relaxed and in a positive frame of mind. HR OBJECTIVE To achieve the Company’s objective the HR Department of AHL will recruit, develop, utilize, evaluate, maintain and retain the right number and types of employees to provide the organization with an appropriate workforce. QUALITY POLICY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Commitment to provide high quality motorcycles and parts. Right work in first attempt and on time Maintain and continuously improve quality Training of manpower and acquisition of latest technology Safe, clean and healthy environment. Market leadership and prosperity for all QUALITY STANDARDS In Atlas Honda Limited quality has priority over production. By producing the best quality motorcycles we can attain No. 1 Customer Satisfaction, fulfilling AHL’s goals. Quality is built into our production methods and Systems and it is important that all associates understand and strictly comply with all quality regulations. In order to maintain quality, all associates should be quality conscious, therefore, every one is required to strictly following guidelines. 1. Always remove wrist watches, bracelets etc. before entering the production area. These can cause scratches. 2. Associates working in paint shop must use safety equipments. 3. Dandruff and falling hair can also cause quality defect. If you suffer from these conditions, be sure to consult with your supervisor so that these can be immediately corrected. 4. Dirt and dust are other sources of quality defects, be-sure that you are clean when you enter the production area. Check that you do not have dirt or stains on your body and that your uniform is free of stains, mud, dirt, dust, oil or grease. 5. Long fingernails may cause scratches and other defects, be sure to keep your nails short and clean. . Production workers are advised to always keep their hair short and clean. 7. Standardized safety shoes are allowed in the production area, be sure to wear appropriate shoes when working. 8. Eating and drinking material is not allowed in production area. MANAGEMENT POLICY 1. Proceed always with ambition and youthfulness. 2. Respect sound theory, develop fresh ideas and make the most effective use of time. 3. Enjoy your work and encourage open communication. 4. Strive constantly for a harmonious flow of work 5. Be ever mindful of the value of research and endeavor. GUIDING PRINCIPLES 1. Simplicity 2. Concentration 3. Speed : Grasping he essence of what we must do, a focus on critical issues. : Focus our resources and our thinking where they are most needed to reach the essential goal. : Rapid implementation SAFETY POLICY HOUSEKEEPING It is the policy of Atlas Honda Limited to provide its all associates with a safe and pleasant work environment and to maintain all equipment and machinery in proper working condition. Since safety and productivity go hand-in-hand, it is the responsibility of each associate to keep his own ork area clean and orderly at all times. By working together, we can maintain an environment that is safe and clean. If at any time an unsafe or unsanitary condition exists, bring this to the attention of your superior or the Human Resource Administration Department promptly, so that the condition can be corrected. GUIDELINES To ensure safety of all associates and to create a clean and pleasant work environment, all associates should adhere to the following basic safety and housekeeping guidelines: 1. Follow all established safety regulations. 2. All required safety outfits (i. . safety shows, earplugs, safety glasses and gloves etc) be worn at all times. Failure to do so will warrant disciplinary action. 3. Always wear uniforms during working hours and be sure to put on the required safety outfits while at work. 4. All accidents/injuries, should be reported to the immediate supervisor and HR Administration department immediately. 5. Associates should walk at all times, do not run. 6. Do not engage in any form of horseplay, practical jokes, throwing things, etc as such activities are dangerous and will not be tolerated. 7. Only authorized associates should drive the fork lifters inside the factory. 8. Do not enter processing sections or operate equipment not under your charge. Never enter restricted areas unless you have been authorized to do so. 9. Equipments, tools and spare parts are to be properly arranged, keep clean, orderly and in their proper locations. 10. Handle carefully all equipments, tools fixtures and spare parts etc. Never transfer or take them out without proper authorization from your supervisor. 11. Never operate any machine or equipment until you have been properly instructed on how to use it safely and properly. 2. Do not use any vehicle unless you have been authorized to do so. When you are authorized to drive a company vehicle, drive carefully to avoid any injury and damage to the vehicle/property. 13. Walkways have been specified to provide associates with a safe walking area. All associates and guests should use only these walkways inside the plant. 14. Use only specified entra nces, exits and passageways inside the plant. 15. All personal belongings should be stored in the assigned lockers or other designated places. Company is not liable for any loss, theft or damage o any belongings or valuables of the associates. 16. Smoking is allowed only in specified areas. Smoking in restricted areas will be subject to disciplinary action. 17. Handle all inflammable materials with care. 18. Always follow good housekeeping practices and keep all common areas (meeting rooms, locker rooms, canteen, offices, plant ground) and work areas clean and orderly at all times. 19. Put all waste and trash into the designated trash containers. Littering of any kind is strictly prohibited. 20. Floors should be clean and dry at all times. Wet floors pose a safety hazard to all of us. ASSOCIATE Anyone who has entered into an employment contract with the Atlas Honda Limited will be called â€Å"Associate†. SUPERVISOR Any person who controls the job affairs or is assigned to get a job done from his/her juniors is called â€Å"Supervisor†. EMPLOYMENT Approval of appointment Chief Executive Officer is authorized to approve an appointment on a prescribed employment requisition form. Minimum Qualification Minimum qualification for appointment in management grade will be Graduate. For nonmanagement staff minimum qualification will be Metric. Written Test Written test will be conducted for short listed candidates on the basis of computer proficiency, general knowledge and related subject for management grade 11 and below. Interview Depending upon the Grade, the pre-employment and selection, interview shall be conducted at the following levels: Grade 11 above 12 below Preliminary interview GMHR/GM MHR/Manager Final interview CEO/GDHR/GEC Member GMHR/GM/CEO Selection of candidate Group Executive Committee is authorized to select the candidate for the position of Grade 11 above. Chief Executive Officer is authorized to select the candidate for the position of Grade 12 below. Pre-Employment Medical Test Clearance of pre-employment medical test is necessary before joining of the selected candidates from Shaukat Khanum Memorial Hospital for Sheikhupura Plant and Aga Khan Hospital for Karachi Plant. Offer Letter Offer letter will be issued to selected candidates after clearance of pre-employment medical test. Appointment Letter Appointment letter will be issued to: Management Staff signed by Non-Management Staff : : GMHR Notified Factory Manager Joining Report Joining Report will be submitted by all new employees on joining. Induction Program On joining induction program will be issued for all management staff to create understanding about interaction between the departments and improving productivity. Probationary Period Probationary period for employment will be 90 days for associates up to Supervisor level and 180 days for associates in Management Cadre. An associate who is observed to be unfit or incompetent and does not meet performance standards set by the Company shall be terminated. However if management thinks fit, probationary period may be extended. Confirmation An associate who has completed the probationary period shall be confirmed by the company on job unless otherwise notified by the management before expiry of 90 days or 180 days as the case may be. Increment Letter Increment letter will be issued to: Management Staff Grade 9 above Management Staff Grade 10 below Non-Management Staff : : : CEO GMHR Notified Factory Manager Change in Personal Information Any change in personal information like change of address, telephone number, marital status, nominee and educational qualification and training etc. should be intimated to Human Resource Department as soon as possible. Transfer Whenever the business conditions so require, an associate can be transferred any where or any place within Atlas Group Companies in Pakistan. Resignation An associate who intends to resign from the service of the company will be required to give the company one month’s notice in writing or pay one month’s salary in lieu of such notice. Likewise, if the company wants to terminate services of the associate, the company will give one month’s notice in writing or pay one month salary in lieu of such notice. Termination/Dismissal An associate may be terminated/dismissed or lay off for the following relevant reasons: 1. . 3. 4. 5. 6. Serious misconduct or gross violation of discipline. Gross and habitual neglect of duties. Fraud or willful breach of company’s trust. On commission of a criminal offence Violation of company rules. An associate suffering from any disease which is prejudicial to his health, as well as the health of others. 7. All acts/omiss ion stated as misconduct/offences in the law of the land (including labour laws) 8. The employment of an associate may also be terminated/lay off on ground which are not mentioned above. Retirement The associate shall retire at the age of 60 years. Clearance Certificate On separation an associate will submit a clearance certificate duly signed by the respective departmental managers/ Department heads before leaving the job. EMPLOYEE’S BENEFITS Car/Motorcycle Management Staff Management staff are entitled for Car and Motorcycle on company policy and Motorcycle on installment according to their grade entitlement: Grade 11 above Grade 13 12 Grade 15 14 Non-Management Staff Non-management staff are entitled for Motorcycle on installment basis. : : : Car under company’s policy scheme Motorcycle under company’s policy scheme Motorcycle under installment scheme Bonus Management Staff Bonuses are allowed to management staff as per target set in the Annual Budget of the company for the financial year. Non-Management Staff Bonuses are allowed to Non-management staff as per Management/CBA agreement. Gratuity Management Staff Gratuity equal to 15 days basic salary for each year is allowed for management staff. Employees will be eligible for membership after completion of 10 years service. Non-Management Staff Karachi Plant Gratuity equal to 10 days basic salary for each year of service after 5 years. Gratuity equal to 20 days basic salary for each year on retirement from service. Gratuity equal to 30 days gross salary for each year for Non Provident Fund Members for Non Provident Fund period. Sheikhupura Plant Gratuity equal 15 days basic salary for each year of service on completion of 10 years of service. Provident Fund On confirmation of employee 11% of basic salary is allowed as employee contribution on account of Provident Fund. Group Life Insurance Management Staff As per company policy group insurance is allowed to management staff according to their grade entitlements. Minimum Rs. 200,000 and Maximum Rs. 1,687,500/= Non-Management Staff As per law Non-management staff is entitled for group insurance of Rs. 00,000/=. Healthcare Insurance/Hospitalization Plan Management Staff As per company policy management staff is allowed hospitalization plan according to the grade entitlements on appointment. Minimum Rs. 150,000/= Maximum Rs. 500,000/= per person, per year. Medical Management Staff 12% of basic salary is allowed to management staff of Grade 11 bel ow as medical expenses reimbursement. Medical entitlement (OPD facility for self, spouse and children) with upper limit is being introduced for staff in Grades 5 to 10 which is as follows:Grade 5 ~ 8 Grade 9 ~ 10 S-1 ~ S-2 Rs. 40,000 per annum Rs. 30,000 per annum Payment on submission of actual receipts. Non-management staff Medical re-imbursement is allowed @ 10% of gross salary less special allowances to nonmanagement staff who are not covered under Sindh Employees Social Security institution. Medical re-imbursement is allowed @ 8% of gross salary less special allowances to Nonmanagement staff who are covered under Sindh Employees Social Security Institution. Personal Accident Insurance All permanent employees will be covered against accidental death and disability under the Personal Accident Insurance Scheme up to seven years basic salary (last drawn). Risk of terrorism excluded. Compensatory Leave Compensatory leave shall be allowed to management staff working on any off day/holiday. Inconvenience allowance Inconvenience allowance is allowed to management staff working on any off day/holiday as per grade entitlements: Grade 15 to 14 Grade 13 to 11 Grade 10 above Rs. 500/= Rs. 750/= Rs. 1,000/= Non-management staff working on off day/holiday are entitled for overtime as per law/company policy. Personal Loan Personal Loan facility is allowed to management staff up to 45% of Basic Salary 12 (twelve) times, recovery shall be made in 18 equal installments commencing the month after disbursement. Welfare Loan Welfare Loan is allowed to Non-management staff up to Maximum Rs. 10,000/=, recovery shall be made in 10 equal installments. Recreation/Travelling Allowance Non-management staff are entitled for Leave Fare Assistance @ Rs. 800/= per year on availing 21 days privilege leave. Best Attendance Allowance Non-management staff are entitled for best attendance award @ Rs. 5000/= on full attendance during the year. Meal Allowance Non-management staff are entitled for meal charges @ Rs. 45/= per meal where meal is not provided. Breakfast Those working in C shift are entitled for breakfast Marriage Allowance Marriage allowance will be paid to Non-management staff @ Rs. 8,000/= on his/her first marriage. Marriage Gift A gift of Rs. 2,000/= will be given to Management Staff on his/her first marriage. Uniform Washing Allowance Uniform Washing Allowance will be paid to the Sanitation Staff @ Rs. 150/= per month. Fair Price Shop Fair price shop facility is available within the factory premises to provide low price items to the associates. Ex-Gratia Grant upon Death Rs. 13,000/= shall be paid to the legal heirs/dependents of the deceased for Non-management staff to meet the funeral expenses. WORKING HOURS Regular schedule of work will be eight (8) hours per working day, from Monday to Friday and Alternate Saturday, total of not more than forty eight (48) hours per week, except where the nature of work or exigencies of the business operations require the establishment of a special working schedule. Shift Timings GENERAL SHIFT Working Hours A SHIFT Working Hours B SHIFT Working Hours C SHIFT Working Hours 11. 00 a. m. to 07. 00 a. m. 03. 00 p. m. to 11. 00 a. m. 07. 00 a. m. to 03. 00 p. m. 08:20 a. m. To 05:50 p. m. 5-S ACTIVITIES To ensure clean and pleasant work environment, all associates should ensure 5-S activities at their respective workplace as well as in the establishment. 1. SEIRI (Sort Out) : Defected wasteful parts/items should be kept separately which will lead to more space availability. Distinguishing of required parts tools so that they can be quickly traceable to reduce operation time which will lead to increase efficiency. Cleanliness of work place, machines parts will lead to smooth operations. 2. SEITON : (Put in Order) 3. SEISOU : (Cleanliness) 4. SEIKETSU : (Neat Tidy) 5. SHITSUKE (Discipline) : Keep yourself, your cloth neat and clean which will lead to improved working environment. Follow the standards and correct practices which will lead to increase in consciousness and level of controls. ATTENDACE AND PUNCTUALITY The company is relying on you for a full day’s work to help and meet required schedules. When you are late, leave work early or become absent, other workers will have to carry your workload, thus causing them under hardship. Therefore, you are expected to observe strict punctuality in attendance. If you know in advance that you are going to be late or absent from work, you should give advance notification and get approval from your immediate supervisor so that position can be filled, if necessary. Avoid frequent tardiness and absences as this can adversely affect your performance evaluation. Also, never make false statements concerning absences, tardiness, under time and overtime. Late Arrival You are considered tardy when you fail to report to work at the exact time you are scheduled to work. Late arrival at work place effects company operations, as well as the work of your fellow workers. In addition as per detailed in our code of conduct, late arrival carries the following penalties. On 4th late arrival 1 leave will be deducted. In case of no leave in balance, it will be treated as 1 day leave without pay. It will effect the appraisal of the individual. Short Leave If it should be necessary for you to leave work early for whatever reason you must first ask your immediate supervisor for approval. Leaving from your work area early without prior approval from your supervisor will be subject to disciplinary action. Short Leave, even if approved, will be subject to salary deduction. Attendance Monitoring For the purpose of attendance monitoring as well as scrutiny, all associates are required to register their working time through the use of Sweeping Time Card in Time Machine System (TMS). 1. Mark your attendance card as soon as you arrive at the office or plant. 2. At the end of the workday, log-out before leaving the office or plant. 3. If, at any time during the workday, it is necessary for you to leave the plant/office for whatever reason, then you should log your departure and arrival at the Time Machine System. 4. Associate leaving the office/plant for personal reasons shall submit short leave application duly signed by manager concerned. 5. Associate leaving the office/plant for official business shall submit short leave application at the gate while leaving the office/plant duly singed by the concerned manager. 6. Associate leaving the work place without prior authorization from respective supervisor will be considered as absent and disciplinary action will be taken. 7. Under no circumstances an associate will log-in and log-out another associate using his time card, as this will constitute falsification of official company record. Absence For absence due to illness and other unavoidable reasons, the company must be notified for approval through written application or make a telephone call as soon as possible, stating the reason for your absence and the expected number of days you will be absent or otherwise if labour laws attract, disciplinary action would be initiated. For absence due to illness for 3 days or more, the associate must submit a medical certificate from an authorized doctor. The absent associate must file a leave of absence immediately on the same day that he/she returns to work. Leave Entitlements Management staff is entitled for 26 working days privilege leave. Non-management staff is entitled for 21 days privilege leave, 10 days casual leave and 10 sick leave. During probation period the associate is not entitled for privilege leave. However, after confirmation within a calendar year of service, he/she may avail proportionate leave credits. Leave Credits The leave calendar runs from January to December of each year. Accumulation of 78 days privilege leave is allowed to management staff. Non-management staff is allowed to accumulate 90 days privilege leave. Sick leave and Casual leave are not allowed for accumulation. Leave Encashment Management staff is not allowed for leave encashment. However, non-management staff is allowed encashment of remaining balance of sick leave and casual leave at the end of the year. Maternity Leave All the married female associates are eligible for 12 weeks maternity leave with pay – six weeks pre-natal and six weeks post-natal. Such female associates must submit medical certificate, stating expected date of delivery, along with the leave application. GENERAL PLANT POLICIES Entering Leaving the Plant Associates must show their identity card to the Security Staff on duty, if required to do so, before permitted to enter. Associate should enter and leave the plant or office only through designated entrances and exits. Uniforms In order to maintain quality, ensure safety, improve work efficiency and maintain the company’s distinguished image, the company provides uniforms and safety outfits to associates. All associates are expected to wear the prescribed uniform and safety outfits, during working hours. Associates should also wear their Company ID card at all time. Do not make any alterations on the ID card and use these only for official company business. All company issued uniforms and other safety outfits remain the property of the company. Uniforms due for replacement should be surrendered to Human Resource Administration Department. Failure to wear the prescribed uniform and safety outfits shall be subject to disciplinary action, as contained in the code of conduct. Lockers Each associate is provided with a locker for his personal belongings. Keep your uniforms, and other personal belongings in your assigned locker. Whenever necessary, the company has the right to inspect the associate’s lockers. Do not keep any valuables, the company will not be responsible for any loss or damage to one’s belongings. Using the Canteen Canteen timings are strictly followed as per shop/department timings. Since the canteen is self-service, associates are expected to set the chairs and clear the tables upon leaving. Use only the designated passage ways when entering or leaving the canteen. The canteen may also be used for business discussions and other small group activities whenever necessary. Before using the canteen for this purpose, please get prior approval from Human Resource Administration Department. Personal Calls The company telephones are strictly for business use only. However, you can make a personal call only from exchange after filling â€Å"Telephone/Fax Request Slip†, duly approved by your departmental head. The expense of such calls will be charged to respective associates as per PTCL bill. ASSOCIATE’S CONDUCT Standards of conduct Associates are expected to follow proper instruction from the supervisors. All associates are strongly encouraged to make a distinction between fficial company business and personal interests. For instance company materials, equipment and tools etc, are not for personal use. As responsible members of the community, all associates are expected to comply with the laws. Never act in violation of the law. Associates are expected to manage their personal finances in a responsible manner. Excessive borrowings beyond the capacity to pay back as well as gambling are strictly prohibited. In respect for individual belief, associates should not engage themselves in political or religious activities within company premises. Whenever an associate is invited to deliver a speech, attend meeting and social gathering in relation to his official duties, he/she should first obtain prior approval from management. Leaflets and other printed material may not be distributed inside company premises without prior approval form management. Associates should also avoid actions which corrupt public morals or damage the reputation of the company. As an associate of a distinguished motorcycle manufacturing company, you are expected to comply with all traffic rules and regulations and practice safe driving habits. Always keep in mind that you are a member of the AHL family. Any action that you do reflects on all your fellow workers. Company Events From time to time, the company sponsors activities such as parties, sports, festivals and picnic etc, to promote fellowship among associates. While these events are normally not held during working hours, associates are expected to be present and participate in these events. During such company events, associates are also expected to maintain behavior standards and demonstrate proper respect for fellow workers. Conflict of Interest It is the policy of the company to prohibit associates form engaging in any activity, practice or act, which conflicts with the interest of the company and its customers. Such actions will be subject to disciplinary action. Examples of conflict of interest are: 1. Accepting outside employment or consultancy work in an organization that does business with the company or is a competitor. 2. Engaging inside business without prior approval from the company. 3. Financial interest in a firm that does business with the company. 4. Accepting gifts or favor form any person or firm doing business with the company or using your position to obtain such gifts or favors. 5. Conduct that is disloyal, disruptive, competitive or damaging to the company; 6. Engaging in motorcycle denting, painting, repairing or making other than company business at home / workshops etc. Confidential Information Associates may be entrusted with confidential information such as business plans, financial statements, model changes research and development projects or long-range production schedules. The nature of our business is highly competitive and release or leakage of this type information can be damaging to the company. As an associate, you are expected to keep such information as company records, reports, technical data and other documents strictly confidential. Violation of the confidentiality shall be subject to severe disciplinary action. SECURITY Identity Card For security purposes, all associates are issued an identification card. You should have this card in your possession at all times. Guest visiting the plant and offices should obtain a Visitor’s card form the Security staff. Inspection and Gate Pass It is security’s purpose to protect company property as well as the property and belongings of associates. In addition to routine inspections at the plant entrance. The company may also conduct other inspection activities including locker inspection to ensure the safety and security of the plant. All associates should allow themselves to be checked when entering or leaving company premises. You should also allow your belongings for inspection while entering or leaving company premises, if asked to do so. Associates are not allowed to take out documents, parcels and other property without a gate pass duly signed by the competent authority. All vehicles leaving the company premises will also be subject to inspection. Any associate who refuses to comply with the requirement will be subject to disciplinary action. Keys The company issues keys only to authorized associates. All associates should surrender a duplicate key to their locker, desk and cabinet in a sealed envelope to division head. Do not have any spare keys made other than those officially issued to you by the company. Personal Vehicles There are designated driving and parking areas for associates who come to work by car, motorcycle or bicycle. You should drive and park only in the designated areas. When paring your vehicles in the designated areas, be sure to park properly. However, the company will not be responsible for loss or damage to parked vehicles. Use of Company Vehicles Obtain prior approval before using any of the company vehicles for official business trip. Associates should not use the company vehicle for their personal use. Fire Protection / Disaster Control The company maintains continuous fire protection and inspection activities and encourages participation by all associates. There are emergency exit routes, fire exists, fire extinguishers and fire hose stations placed strategically within the plant. Associates will have the opportunity to have hand-on training on fire extinguisher and briefings on the proper use of fire fighting equipments in their areas. COMPENSATION Salary Payment Date The payment is made through bank transfers by 1st day of next month. Overtime Payment Date Overtime pay is paid to associates on 5th 20th of each month in according with the provisions of labour laws/ company rules. Holiday Pay Compensation is made to non-management staff for work rendered on regular and special holidays, as well as the associate’s designated rest days, in accordance with the provisions of the labour Laws/Company rules. Management staff is allowed to avail in lieu of for working on holiday or claim inconvenience allowance with 30 days. Action Plan, Salary Increase Promotions In July of each year, management announces to all managers its basic policies and business plans. Based on this information, each division head is expected to submit an action plan for his/her division. All associates should formulate and submit their own action plan in line with the action plan set by the seniors. Achievements of the individual action plan will be the main basis for evaluation to determine salary increase and promotions. ASSOCIATE’S INFORMATION Associate’s Record Human Resource Department maintains individual files for each associate which are kept strictly confidential. All associates should submit the following information and any change therein to Human Resource Department. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Home address Home telephone number Cell Number Contact person and telephone number in case of emergency Marital status Change in dependents Bulletin Boards Company bulletin boards – used to communicate information regarding the operations of the whole company 1. Safety control bulletin boards – are used to relay safety messages. 2. Divisions, department or section bulletin boards are used to communicate information related to the operation of each division, department or section. Emergencies In case plant operations has to be stopped due to bad weather or other calamities, the company will immediately notify all associates through the installed communication system. Whenever such communication is not available, associates should get confirmation form their respective supervisor/manager. COMMITTEES AND SELF-MANAGED ACTIVITIES Committees are organized in the company to conduct the following self-managed activities. All associates are strongly encouraged to participate in these activities. Safety Health Environment Committee With the improvement of safety and housekeeping as its main task, this committee acts independently to propose and promote activities which will ensure the safety and well being of all associates. Alamayar Circle Committee Aiming for No. 1 Customer Satisfaction, associates in the Production, Human Resource, Marketing, After Sales Service, Finance, and other departments independently form small groups which select and work on projects related to the theme. These groups compete to select the best team which may then be sent to participate in international NH Circle conventions, in accordance with the rules set by the management. Canteen Committee This committee is responsible for monitoring the canteen operations to ensure the associates get clean, hygienic, delicious and well balance food. Fire Fighting Committee The purpose of this committee is to prepare the associates, to fight against the fire if set in factory premises and meet any emergence arising out of it and ensure fire equipment availability in sound condition. Welfare Fund Committee This committee is responsible for monitoring the welfare fund related activities. NOTE This handbook is for the purpose of acquainting you with our basic policies, benefits and mutual responsibilities. It does not constitute a contract of employment in whole or in part. The company may add, change, modify or delete any of the contents of this handbook at any time. Due to changing conditions, trends or other circumstances, the company may from time to time find it necessary to terminate, modify or substitute these policies in whole or in part. We will notify you of these changes by posting them on the bulletin board or by other appropriate means.

Acid Rain Has a Major Affect on Life in Shanghai Essays

Acid Rain Has a Major Affect on Life in Shanghai Essays Acid Rain Has a Major Affect on Life in Shanghai Paper Acid Rain Has a Major Affect on Life in Shanghai Paper Acid rain is any type of precipitation that has high acid content. This precipitation can be wet (rain, snow, or fog) or dry (gases or acidic salts). Normal rain is slightly acidic with pH 6. 5 but we call it acid rain when it is pH is between 2 and 5. 5. It is formed by chemicals created by the burning of fossil fuels, power plants, factories and auto mobiles. These chemicals are sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide. Sulphur dioxide and nitric oxide react with water in the atmosphere and eventually fall back to earth’s surface as an acid deposition. Shanghai is a city which is located on eastern coast of China. It is a strong commercial and industrial base city in China. Most of industries in Shanghai use 80 percent of electricity and 70 percent its total energy from burning of high sulphur coal. Coal is the main source of air pollution in Shanghai as well as most of other cities in China. The air pollution in Shanghai is sometimes terrible that air ports are shut down because of poor visibility. Nitrogen oxide is mainly released by power plants and automobiles in Shanghai. The high coal fuel consumption from urbanization and industrialization and the rapid increase of vehicles from motorization resulted in the high emission of sulphur dioxide and nitric oxide in Shanghai. The annual mean pH value of rain in Shanghai is 4. 4 and the frequency of acid rain is 71 percent. Acid rain in Shanghai with high sulphur and nitrogen contaminates all water bodies there will lead to water pollution. The high nitrogen in water increase the growth of blue green algae, will pollute whole water body will prevent using water for drinking, cleaning. Also it changes the aquatic ecosystem. Acid rain is very toxic to species in water which can reduce the fish population and could eliminate all fish species form water body and decrease biodiversity. In addition, it may cause constant stress that may not kill individual fish, but will lead to lower body weight and makes fish less able to compete for food and habitat. Natural vegetation and crops are also affected by acid rain in Shanghai. Trees are an extremely important natural resources. They provide timber, regulate local climate and forest are homes for wildlife. The plants can absorb toxic chemicals from acid rain by direct contact with water or from soil. When acid rain is absorbed by the soil the acid empties the soil from important nutrients that plants need to survive. Without these nutrients the trees are more vulnerable to infections and damage cause by extreme climate. This will make plants and trees suffer from stunted growth, damage bark, loss of leaves will ultimate lead to rapid reduction of vegetation in Shanghai. Acid rain allows aluminum to soak into the soil. If the amount of aluminum in the soil is high the trees wouldn’t be able to collect water from the ground. Acid rain damages outer coat of the leaf and when the coat finally wears down the acid makes its way in to the tree which prevents photosynthesis from taking place. Since photosynthesis makes food for the plant without it the plants will eventually die. According to the research report of Shanghai Agriculture and Forestry Bureau, 2004, the area around Shanghai was rich in biodiversity. In the present, there is considerable loss of biodiversity and found decline in native species and an increase in number of alien species. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide can cause serious problem to human health such as asthma, dry coughs, headaches, eye, nose, and throat irritations. Acid rain affects the human respiratory system and cause liver problems. Human skin has an oily coating which protects from bacteria and keeps the skin moist. Acid rain breakdown that oily protective coat which give us a result of dry skin and bacterial infection. Also the final effect on humans is to drinking water. As the content of our water becomes more acidic, it can react with lead and copper water pipes, which eventually contaminate water. Too much copper in drinking water also causes kidney damage as well as liver damage. An indirect effect of acid is the precipitation on human is that the toxic metals dissolves in the water are absorbed in fruits, vegetables and in the tissues of animals. Although these toxics metals do not directly affect the animals, they have serious effects on humans and they are being consumed. As an example, mercury that accumulate in the organs and tissues of the animals has been linked with brain damage in children as well as nerve disorders, brain damage and Alzheimer’s disease. The harm to people from acid rain is not direct as for plants, animals, air, soil and water. Acid rain can be absorbed by both plants and animals through direct contact or from water or soil. When people eat these plants or animals, the toxins inside of their meals can affect them and cause problem in human health. According to the world health organization reports around 300,000 people die per year in China due to out door and indoor air pollution mainly due to high sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide and another particulate matter. A study of visibility, air quality and daily mortality in Shanghai in 2009 has showed decrease visibility and high air pollution in Shanghai significantly increased death due to cardiovascular and respiratory disease. Conclusion Acid rain forms in Shanghai mainly due to air pollution by industries and automobiles. It causes severe affect on Shanghai life. By educating shanghai public about the affect of acid rain, the damage caused by acid rain to the public will be reduced. However to minimize the damage on plants, soil and water, the air pollution of Shanghai should be reduced. BIBLIOGRAPHY Acid Rain Facts, Acid Rain Information, Acid Rain Pictures, Acid Rain Effects National Geographic. Environment Facts, Environment Science, Global Warming, Natural Disasters, Ecosystems, Green Living National Geographic. National Geographic. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. . / Acid Rain How Is Acid Rain Formed? Learn More Our Changing Planet UMAC. UMAC Upper Midwest Aerospace Consortium. Web. 23 Nov. 2011. . Huang, K. , G. Zhuang, C. Xu, Y. Wang, and A. Tang. The Chemistry of the Severe Acidic Precipitation in Shanghai, China. Atmospheric Research 89. 1-2 (2008): 149-60. Print. Zhao, Shuqing, Liangjun Da, Zhiyao Tang, Hejun Fang, Kun Song, and Jingyun Fang. Ecological Consequences of Rapid Urban Expansion: Shanghai,

The Ongoing Northern Ireland Conflict essays

The Ongoing Northern Ireland Conflict essays Northern Ireland primarily consists of Protestants who want to remain a part of Great Britain. There is, however, a Catholic minority in the north fighting to become a part of the Republic of Ireland. This situation involves centuries of religious tension. The unrest in Northern Ireland dates back as far as the 1500s. At this time most of Europe's population belonged to the Catholic church. Under the reign of King Henry VIII (1509-49), England was converted to Protestantism. King Henry conquered the totally Catholic Ireland, and it came under Protestant control. This Protestant rule started the initial tension with the Catholics in Ireland. Large numbers of Protestants settled in the North of Ireland, creating a Protestant majority in the region that still exists today. In 1609, James I fought the Protestant Prince William III at the Battle of The Boyne. Due to this battle, the Catholics were forced to give up a vast majority of the land in Ireland to Protestant control. Catholics throughout Ireland called for it to become a republic, independent of Great Britain. However, the Protestants insisted on remaining a part of Great Britain. In 1920, the Goverment of Ireland Act officially divided it into two seperate states, the south a predominantly Catholic state and the north a predominatly Protestant state. The Catholics, who longed for their independence from Great Britain, acheived it when they became the Republic of Ireland in 1949. As one would assume, thirty-five years of constant fighting and five hundred years of struggles has had a significant impact on the region of Northern Ireland. Civil war in Northern Ireland has left the region behind the rest of Europe. Europe, in recent years, has been looking to the future. It recently adopted the Euro, a single currency for all of Europe. Additionally, if you are a citizen of a country in Europe, you can travel to other countries without a passport. Europe is looking to the fu...

Claims Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Claims - Essay Example In the company, there were different groups doing specific tasks and with different leaders and communication system. The groups are motivated in different ways in respect to their output. In my self assessment test, I was exceedingly interested in working in groups. I like being the group leader since I can manage the group dynamics. In my future career plans, I would like to own a company and manage it myself. The competences are incredibly essential in the entire running of the company. They are inter related in that they all aim at achieve organizational goals and objectives. The effectiveness of a manager is determined by the outcome of the organization in regard to the set objectives and goals. If the skills and competences are effective, the organization will manage to achieve their goals and objectives. In most organization, the managers lack some skills and competences leading to poor management. ... In the organization, different personnel did more work than others. The organization had a policy of rewarding people and groups based on the output they delivered. This was extraordinarily critical, and it encouraged people to work extremely hard to get more rewards (Scott, Spriegel and Clothier 22) Nominate one management skill to investigate in the next semester Decision making The main reason why I nominated decision making is due to its daily application in all level of management. When I was working, decision making was my chief problem. This is the process through which managers use to solve existing problems in an organization. It is the key aspects that single out the performance of a manager. In most organization, the success of any organization depends on the decision made by the management. When I was working as a scripter, my key weakness was making the right decisions on time. The manager of the company was always complaining about it, and this triggered me to find mean s to hasten my decision making skills. The main reason why I did not make decisions on time was due to the uncertainty of the outcome (Drucker and Maciariello 56) Guidelines that influence decision making 1. Define the problem. This involves identifying the decision that will help in the attainment of the organizational objectives. The problem may be short-term or long-term. 2. Identification of limiting factors. The decision maker should analyze the ideal resources that are required to implement the decision that is to be made. The manager must have adequate information, personnel, time, supplies and equipment. The manager should also take into account the internal and

Shanghai Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Shanghai - Essay Example ably located and this has made it to serve as China’s largest trading ports and gateways from the mid-19th century after the aftermath of the Opium war. The city occupies an area of 6,340 km ². The development of Shanghai comes from its several economic bases. It has made a rapid and sustained economic growth and development since the late 1970s when China began its economic reforms (Couling 2000). Shanghai has changed demographically with the population rising from fourteen million three hundred and fifty thousand people in the year 2000 according to United Nations statistical data but currently is has a population of over twenty three million as of 2010. The Gross Domestic Product of Shanghai during 1978-2000, attained was 6.5 times an increase and reached 48.749 U.S. dollars accompanied by a yearly growth rate of 9.5%. The city has shifted from an industrial and commercial city into a national economic center. The proportion in Shanghai’s G.D.P has been raised because of the rapid and faster development in various infrastructural sectors such as transport, insurance, real estate, banking, and trade. This has been facilitated by the rapid development of finance, insurance, trade, transportation, communications, and other types of the tertiary industries from 30 percent to 50 percent within a span of 10 years (Sheng 2002). Shanghai and Macau are related commercially in various infrastructural facilities. The common factor that keeps the relationship is the relatively cheap air transport. This facilitates quick business between the locals of the two cities. With increased business there is increase in the Gross Domestic Product of the two economies ( Peter 2002). Shanghai – Taiwan relationship was meant to deepen market-oriented reforms and boosting economic vitality and coexistence between the two cities. Taiwan and Shanghai have proposals, which cover cross-Strait cooperation in technology, finance, agriculture, education, tourism, as well as insurance.

The Trusted Traveler Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Trusted Traveler Program - Essay Example The â€Å"Trusted Traveler" program in essence was made to facilitate the frequent flyers that could include all the business entrepreneurs, government officials and employees as well as other selected individuals who could get their easy way off as regards to airport security checks. The Trusted Traveler program is undoubtedly a good idea when we literally think about it in the first go, but it is also a source of problems on the part of the security people who are present at the airports and are responsible for everything as they are at the helm of affairs when we talk about security and its long checks. This program can have its disadvantages if say for instance a terrorist gets hold of a Trusted Traveler card, would he or she still be unstoppable. The same goes true if he or she is carrying some explosives or weapons on board, would the person be allowed to board the flight? There are serious questions that can be posed with respect to the Trusted Traveler program. The â€Å"Trusted Traveler† program is in the process of being studied thoroughly by the American Senate and would soon, hopefully is put into practice so that American flyers could get extra privileges when they think of security and ease of actions at the airport and within the flights. The reason why this program has not been approved as yet owes to the fact that there are a number of glitches and loopholes through which terrorists and criminals can run off scotch free, thus delaying the whole process. Once these problems are addressed in the broader context of the airline security and with meticulous attention paid to the ease of the passengers, this program would pretty surely be in place for one and all to enjoy and witness at the airports, in the coming times. As regards to passenger authentication, it usually entails the corroboration of passenger ID, which includes from his beginning as a passenger is transited through the airport and

Finance and Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Finance and Business - Essay Example Income Statement (per flight) (Fare Lowered) Average number of passengers per flight Average total revenue (212*280) Variable Costs Fuel costs Food and Beverage service costs (4*212) Commission to travel agents (10% of 59,360) Gross Profit Fixed Costs Fixed annual lease costs Fixed ground services costs Fixed flight crew salaries Operating Loss 212 59,360 (14,000) (848) (5936) 38,576 (53,000) (7,500) (7,000) (28,924) 3. Income Statement (per flight for Travel International’s offer) Number of flights by Travel International Revenue from Travel International Fixed Costs Fixed annual lease costs Fixed ground services costs Fixed flight crew salaries Operating Income 24 75,000 (53,000) (7,500) (7,000) 7,500 Report The calculations in the first part illustrate that Westcoast Air co. is currently incurring an operating loss of $31,012.5. This is mainly due to the fact that the costs are exceeding the revenues by a considerable margin. The seating capacity of the aircraft is 380; how ever, the average number of passengers per flight is even less than 50% of the aircraft’s capacity. This should be a symptom of worry for the Westcoast Air co. as it is not being able to efficiently utilize the capacity of its aircraft. The roots of this issue might lie somewhere in the marketing, advertising or service strategies of the company. Consequently, the average total revenue per flight is a modest $56,875.0. Though, it covers the variable costs of fuel, food, services and commission reasonably well, resulting in a Gross profit of $36,487.5; the problem arises largely because of high fixed costs. The annual leasing costs, constituting the bulk of the fixed costs along with fixed ground services costs and fixed flight crew salaries, result in a hefty sum of $67,500.0. An operating loss, which is the surpassing of revenues by operating costs, is considered to be a perilous warning sign for any business as it is an indication of discrepancies in the operating activitie s of the company. Thus, attempts should be made to tackle this problem on an immediate basis if the company wishes to survive in the market (Gibson, 2011). The company should lower the average one-way fare to $280 as it not only utilizes the vacant seating capacity of the aircraft by increasing the average number of passengers per flight up to 212, but it also reduces the operating loss incurred by the company per flight. When this measure is applied, the operating loss is reduced by $2088.5 to $28,924. The reduction takes place in consequence of increased revenues from increased customers. This proposal of cutting down the average one-way fare, by the Market Research Department of Westcoast Air is also significant because it indicates to the company, the path of eliminating the operating loss. Therefore, if the company makes further efforts to reduce its fare and increase its passengers, then a point will come when the company will be able to turn its operating loss into operating income. However, this turnaround depends on the accuracy of the projections made by the company with regard to fares and passengers. The analysis of financial results suggests that Westcoast

The growth and impact of 'temporary' employmen Research Paper

The growth and impact of 'temporary' employmen - Research Paper Example Department of Labor 1). The current paper hereby aims to present the growth and impact of temporary employment in the U.S. through initially providing a brief historical overview of temporary employment, prior to presenting current statistics on the subject. The causes and effects of temporary employment on the plight of employment condition in the country would also be examined, prior to a concluding portion would wraps up the points that were discussed. Recent economic difficulties in the country and all over the world have affected the tenure, status, and working conditions of the labor force. There are rampant news that reveal increasing levels of unemployment globally and more workers seeking temporary and part-time employment to be able to support a variety of needs. According to Villarreal and Swanson (2011), aside from economic factors that influence the rate of employment, the concerns about future imposition of taxes and the costs of health care in the country preclude optimistic growth potentials for supporting and sustaining permanent employment. As such, greater numbers of people seeking employment resort to part-time jobs and temporary employment. The characteristics of benefits eligibility for temporary employees have been explicitly indicated by DOL, to wit: â€Å"Temporary employees are eligible to earn leave and are covered by Social Security and unemployment compensation, but do not receive the other fringe benefits provided to career civil service employees. Current law allows temporary employees to purchase health insurance after they have one year of temporary service, but the employee must pay the full cost with no Government contribution. Employees are not eligible for coverage under the Federal Government Life Insurance program or the Federal Employees Retirement System† (U.S. Department of Labor par. 2). Thus, the disparities between a permanent from a temporary employee

Finance and Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Finance and Business - Essay Example Income Statement (per flight) (Fare Lowered) Average number of passengers per flight Average total revenue (212*280) Variable Costs Fuel costs Food and Beverage service costs (4*212) Commission to travel agents (10% of 59,360) Gross Profit Fixed Costs Fixed annual lease costs Fixed ground services costs Fixed flight crew salaries Operating Loss 212 59,360 (14,000) (848) (5936) 38,576 (53,000) (7,500) (7,000) (28,924) 3. Income Statement (per flight for Travel International’s offer) Number of flights by Travel International Revenue from Travel International Fixed Costs Fixed annual lease costs Fixed ground services costs Fixed flight crew salaries Operating Income 24 75,000 (53,000) (7,500) (7,000) 7,500 Report The calculations in the first part illustrate that Westcoast Air co. is currently incurring an operating loss of $31,012.5. This is mainly due to the fact that the costs are exceeding the revenues by a considerable margin. The seating capacity of the aircraft is 380; how ever, the average number of passengers per flight is even less than 50% of the aircraft’s capacity. This should be a symptom of worry for the Westcoast Air co. as it is not being able to efficiently utilize the capacity of its aircraft. The roots of this issue might lie somewhere in the marketing, advertising or service strategies of the company. Consequently, the average total revenue per flight is a modest $56,875.0. Though, it covers the variable costs of fuel, food, services and commission reasonably well, resulting in a Gross profit of $36,487.5; the problem arises largely because of high fixed costs. The annual leasing costs, constituting the bulk of the fixed costs along with fixed ground services costs and fixed flight crew salaries, result in a hefty sum of $67,500.0. An operating loss, which is the surpassing of revenues by operating costs, is considered to be a perilous warning sign for any business as it is an indication of discrepancies in the operating activitie s of the company. Thus, attempts should be made to tackle this problem on an immediate basis if the company wishes to survive in the market (Gibson, 2011). The company should lower the average one-way fare to $280 as it not only utilizes the vacant seating capacity of the aircraft by increasing the average number of passengers per flight up to 212, but it also reduces the operating loss incurred by the company per flight. When this measure is applied, the operating loss is reduced by $2088.5 to $28,924. The reduction takes place in consequence of increased revenues from increased customers. This proposal of cutting down the average one-way fare, by the Market Research Department of Westcoast Air is also significant because it indicates to the company, the path of eliminating the operating loss. Therefore, if the company makes further efforts to reduce its fare and increase its passengers, then a point will come when the company will be able to turn its operating loss into operating income. However, this turnaround depends on the accuracy of the projections made by the company with regard to fares and passengers. The analysis of financial results suggests that Westcoast

Dutch Artwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dutch Artwork - Essay Example Also, the woman’s pregnancy is readily noticeable showing that a significant amount of time has passed symbolizing the beginning of new life. Her lowered gaze and left hand gently resting on the table beside the sparkling gold and pearls, suggest that she’s serenely waiting for the empty balance to come to a rest. The woman’s calm, still posture and peaceful face along with the illuminated painting of the â€Å"Last Judgment† illustrate that she’s weighing much more than worldly objects. This mundane, everyday act signifies a larger, more eternal action. The woman’s pensive posture, thoughtful expression, empty illuminated balance, and the stillness of this brief moment all possibly suggest the need to balance the worldly and the spiritual life. Rachel Ruysch's "Flower Still Life" is a striking painting of a bouquet of colorful flowers blossoming beautifully amidst a swirl of leaves and buds. The dark background and tabletop emphasize the viv id brightness and lifelike hues of the flowers, stems, and leaves. The warm and cool tones of the blossoms highlight each flower, making every small bud visible from between the twisted stems and dark leaves.

Locke vs Hobbes Essay Example for Free

Locke vs Hobbes Essay Locke believed that, â€Å"human behavior came from thought which was learned and subject to the influence of reason and observation.† Locke’s main ideas were positive to the human race. He also states that humans know right from wrong, and they are intelligent enough to solve the problems in front of them and realizing what is lawful and unlawful. Locke believed, â€Å"God created man and we were, in effect, God’s property.† John Locke believes that a government should be some form of a social contract, were the people who were being ruled, had some say in the laws. According to him, men are born with the three freedoms of life, liberty, and property. A government is there to protect those rights and improve the state of nature for each individual. An illegitimate government is one who fails to protect these rights, is ruled by a supreme ruler, and does not listen to what the people who are actually being governed have to say. To make a government equal and sufficient for the human race, ideas need to be taken from all kinds of people and applied to the rights each person enjoys every day. Locke believes that an absolute ruler can be over-thrown by the people if the choices they are making neglect the many things people enjoy. Many monarch powers were arising through Europe during this time period, and John Locke was creating the ideas and reasons to downplay the power of these rulers. On the other hand, Thomas Hobbes believed that humans were naturally evil. He thought the only way to control these naturally wicked people were to hold them under a strong government. Hobbes believed in Leviathans that are powerful sea monsters, which can equally resemble the amount of power a ruler, had during this time. Thomas Hobbes fully agreed with the idea of this ruler-centered government. By giving their rights to a supreme power, individuals were believed to gain law and order. This law and order will protect the individuals’ security and benefit their empire or region as a whole. The best government was one â€Å"which could impose order and demand obedience.† So in Thomas Hobbes view, to be a successful individual you need to hand your rights to that supreme ruler of your region and be granted with the simple laws which will govern you through your life.

The Problems Facing Third World Countries Politics Essay

The Problems Facing Third World Countries Politics Essay Economist Alfred Sauvy in an article in the French magazine L Observateur (August 14, 1952) comprehended the expression Third World. It was a premeditated excerpt to the Third Estate of the French Revolution. This phrase earned universal recognition during the Cold War where many poorer nations remained neutral and convene together to form a non-aligned third world bloc. During the Cold War USA and its allies were considered as the First World countries while the East was considered as Second World countries. However, the term Second World has never gained any recognition. Egypt, India and Yugoslavia were the original members of the third world countries. Today, Asia, Africa, Oceania and Latin America are considered as Third World as most of the countries belonging to these continents are underdeveloped. Underdeveloped in the sense that they are still struggling to get rid of the issues related to poverty, water and sanitation, population growth, low per capita income, and unemployment leading to unrest and less industrialization. This unjustified distribution of resources has divided the world into have and have not countries. In general terms, they are identified as Developed and Developing Countries. Developed countries are well-equipped with resources and are progressing to advancement while the developing countries are under severe stress due to the above factors. All such countries known as Third World Countries face the same problems of stigmatization by the developed countries First world Countries. The underdevelopment of the Third World Countries is marked by a number of common traits; distorted and highly dependent economies devoted to producing primary products for the developed world and to provide markets for their finished goods; traditional, rural social structures; high population growth; and widespread poverty. Nevertheless, the Third World is sharply differentiated, for it includes countries on various levels of economic development. And despite the poverty of the countryside and the urban shantytowns, the ruling elites of most Third World Countries are wealthy. One of the major problems of Third World Countries is water. Since the advent of humankind, civilizations fought for water for their survival whether through democratic processes or military escalation. It has been said that the future wars will be fought in a struggle to control the water resources where third world countries will be hardly hit (Agence France Presse, 2001). Availability of drinking water and its accessibility for other uses lead to conflicts within the nations and ethnic groups. For instance, Indo-Pak political confrontation can be viewed from a different angle, which is the distribution of water through rivers. Though both the countries are following the Indus Water Treaty, very often there is a conflict over river water distribution and dams construction. A solution by the governments of these nations, be it through policy formulation or other mechanical means may help plough their ways to economic growth. Poverty is another major problem facing Third World Countries. It has various serious consequences on human lives. With the rising rates of poverty, many of the local citizens face problems of famine and lack of lodging. An obvious example would be India. Poverty comes with lack of hygiene and this favors the proliferation of various harmful bacteria which results in the development of diseases such as cholera, malaria, etc. People either do not have enough facilities or these facilities are too expensive to overcome such diseases. Overpopulation most of the third world countries are facing difficulties in adjusting their population explosion within their boundaries, resulting in migration of people from their home countries to the developing or developed nations. The biggest example is Bangladesh and India from where people migrate to the Middle East or even China, which is already highly populated. Due to over-population and relatively limited resources, China has a One child rule where a couple can only bear a single child. If the economy of a nation cannot sustain its population, it is definitely bound to fail. With the increase in population, there arise complimentary problems such as the need for better housing, antagonism for social infrastructure, a bombarded national budget and the prevalent problem of unemployment. Having said this, there is a need for population regulation so as to create a better environment for economic growth. Another problem in the recent times is Globalization that upholds that everyone must benefit from modern transformation (Phil Marfleet, 1998). Emerging technology is doing more harm than good to Third World Countries. First World Countries use highly updated technology for example to manufacture clothing, food and other items; they no longer use the cheap labor from third world countries, which in turn leads to unemployment and poverty. Again, the third world countries being the struggling economies are unable to reap the benefits as they are already encircled within their basic problems. Furthermore, the gap between the first world countries and the third world states continues to widen in all aspects. Poor nations are becoming even poorer in contrast to rich nations which are getting richer than ever. It is important that G8 nations should derive some solution to the problems of third worlds migrating labor class rather than implementing more and more technology based industrial un its. An even more threatening plight to the development of Third World Countries is terrorism. Terrorism is the use of violence against civilians by sub-national groups for political purposes. A sense of perceived injustice and the belief that violence will effectively redress it is the ideal breeding growth of terrorism. It has occurred throughout history but today the world is experiencing a global rebirth of attacks. The whole world is getting familiar with Arab and Muslim names. Terrorism therefore is designed to have psychological effects that reach farther beyond the impact on the immediate victims of an attack. The growing terrorist population is becoming more and more dangerous, with new organizations forming out of nothing. Politicians make terrorism a blame game and throw mud on each other. Also, the terrorist groups have the power to bribe or corrupt the public officials that aim to shut them down. Ending terrorist threats requires imaginative and fluid thinking, whether to att ack the roots of terrorism or neutralize a particular group. Education is the most neglected area in a countrys economic policies. Third World Countries lag behind since they may either have insufficient funds devoted to literary growth or these funds are wasted wrongfully. A big part of the population is illiterate due to wrong planning. Under such circumstances these countries have failed to excel in Science and Technology. In addition, there is intellectual ignorance from the government as they deliberately ignore the issue of education. Any stable economy must drink from the brook of literacy without which a nation would be intellectually malnourished. Debts have crippled many developing countries. Often based on loans taken out by prior rulers and dictators (many of which various Western nations put into power to suit their interests), millions face poorer and poorer living standards as precious resources are diverted to debt repayment. In this regard, the question of transparency and corruption being evident In Third World Countries emerge. Many third world countries especially in Africa have been sited as having some of the most corrupted government officials in the world. These dictators squander money meant for development as they appeal for more donations from the developed nations. This has led to sanctioning of several Heads of States from getting into some European nations due to their corruption records. As if this is not enough, some Heads of States have clung to power forcefully and by so doing, they drive their economies to the ground. For example Zimbabwe faces the highest rate of inflation where its currency has totally lots its international value. Dictatorship and corruption are greatly accredited to the slow growth in the economy of the developing nations. Foreign aid, and indeed all the efforts of existing institutions and structures, have failed to solve the problem of underdevelopment. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) held in New Delhi in 1971 suggested that one percent of the national income of industrialized countries should be devoted to aiding the third world. That figure has never been reached, or even approximated. In 1972 the Santiago (Chile) UNCTAD set a goal of a 6 percent economic growth rate in the 1970s for the underdeveloped countries. But this, too, was not achieved. The living conditions endured by the overwhelming majority of the 3 billion people who inhabit the poor countries have either not noticeably changed since 1972 or have actually deteriorated. In conclusion, we have to identify these factors that are contributing to the slow growth of the developing nations and try to bring a revolutionary approach towards them. These issues are however complicated by the stereotypes of what third world and first world countries are like. People in the first world, for example, often describe third world countries as underdeveloped, overpopulated, and oppressed. Third world people are sometimes portrayed as uneducated, helpless, or backwards. Modern scholarship has taken steps to make academic discourse more conscious of the differences not only between the first world and the third world, but also among the countries and people of each category. Let there be a universal change in ideologies that may enhance a growth in the economies of the third world countries hence put an end to the global stratification..

Suriname :: essays research papers

In this essay I will compare and contrast the approaches and goals of Richard and Sally Price and S. Allen Counter and David Evens on the topic of Maroon arts of the Suriname. I will explain how they present their findings. And tell what I think they would say the most important discovery or confirmation is. After all of this is done I will do follow up art historical research in the same area. The main focus of my research would be why anyone would be interested in finding out more about this particular region?fs art. The calabash maroon arts would be the art form I would research (relying on the experiences of the authors), giving a brief description of the research I would undertake. I will provide information on how I got the much-needed information about this art form. Also stating if I talked to anyone and why. Lastly describing what questions I would want answered if any.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First, I would like to talk about the approach that Sally and Richard Price had when doing their research on the Maroon arts of Suriname. I believe the Price?fs approach was to answer what they called what is undoubtedly the most difficult, politically charged and hotly debated aspect of the study of these arts: their deep culture-historical roots. The Price?fs went to Suriname to do research on these archeological people to find out if these Maroon art works such as calabash bowls were truly African in origin, or if they have other sources that have provided an influence on them that is far beyond Africa. There was a re-emergence in the Maroon arts that?fs unexplainable to many scholars that have studied them. The Price?fs term this as a ?gunique balance of continuity-in-change?h. What this term means is, they feel there was a lack of documentation during these times and the arts where always around and there was no disappearing act. Counter and Evens went to Suriname find Africa. They believe that Africa and the Suriname Maroons have a direct connection other than being of African decent as far as the arts are concerned. I believe both the Price?fs and Counter and Evens had the same goals in mind, which was to find answers. To find out the unknown of these arts of the maroons, but their intentions were totally different. Like I stated earlier, Counter and Evens wanted to find Africa.